Taming the Aretakis instability: extremal black holes with multi-degenerate horizons

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Taming the Aretakis instability: extremal black holes with multi-degenerate horizons

Authors

Shreyansh Agrawal, Panagiotis Charalambous, Laura Donnay, Stefano Liberati, Giulio Neri

Abstract

Stationary black hole geometries with non-degenerate Cauchy horizons are classically unstable due to mass inflation. At extremality, mass inflation is absent, but a different dynamical instability arises: the Aretakis instability. In this work, we investigate the properties of degenerate horizons and their associated Aretakis instabilities. By studying examples with increasingly higher-order horizon degeneracy, we show that the Aretakis instability weakens as the degree of degeneracy grows. Motivated by these results, we propose a new black hole geometry characterized by an infinitely degenerate horizon, which we argue is stable under Aretakis-type perturbations and may therefore provide a concrete realization of a "graveyard" end state for these objects.

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